Important points from alkyl and aryl halides for IIT JEE


  • Ambident nucleophiles

The nucleophile which have more than one site through which the reaction can occur.

  • Optical activity 

The property of a substance to rotate the plane of  polarized light.

  • Chiral

The object which are non superimposable on their Mirror image

  • Achiral

The object which are supeR impossibility on their Mirror image

  • Chiral or asymmetric carbon

The carbon which is bonded to 4 different  atoms or groups of atoms.

  • Enantiomers

Optical isomers which are super impossibility mirror images of each other

  • Diasteomers:

Stereoisomers which are non superimposable Mirror image of each other

  • Racemic mixture

And equipment mixture of  enantiomers  (dextro and levo forms)

  • Racemisation 

The process of converting  D or forms  of an optically active compounds into  racemic forms (dl)

  • Resolution

The process of separating a racemic mixture into D or forms (enantiomers)

  • Meso-compound

The compounds which do not show optical activity inspite of the presence of  chiral atoms

  • Hunsdiecker reaction


Silver salt of carboxylic acid are decomposed by  BR2 OR  I2

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